Applied economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied economics - Essay Example ucted to establish the functions of human capital earnings and its impacts on the decomposition of the periodic earnings into linear function forms, in which the log of earnings serve as both the function of schooling measure in terms of years of experience in work and other factors representing heterogeneity within a cross-section sample of people observed, and dependent variables. This simple statistical model has however been faced by some limitations, i.e., biasness in the estimation of returns to education and endogeneity in the schooling variables. As a positively correlated function of the unobserved variable of ability, people with varied ability to work and learn are in most instances a better position to school for longer periods; hence this enhanced ability will have a reflection of higher wages within their occupations. Additionally, existence of a symmetric correlation between any of the independent variables such as schooling and the error term in an OLS regression can consequently lead to bias in the estimates. In this case, effects of ability/heterogeneity have to be random in the sample to avoid positive correlations. Card (1999) explored the causal relationship of education on earnings, and explicitly the study analysed the heterogeneity between schooling of twins in contrast to their earnings. The assumption in the study was that twins would have the same ability and other external influences so that differences in wages could be more accurately associated with differences in education. Card used the pooled sample of men and women standing up to 198,075 aged from 16 – 66 during the years 1994 to 1996. In this given time frame, the study targeted the differences between individuals having 10, 12 and 16 years of schooling to their returns. An OLS regression analysis was used to inspect the human capital earning with variety of hourly, weekly and annual earnings. The study findings explored an interesting impact of an instrumental factor family

Geert Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Theory

Geert Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Theory Introduction Researchers have applied Hofstedes categorization of national cultural traits not only in studies of ‘average’ employee samples, from which the categorization was originally obtained, but also to à ©lite senior executives, and even to firms, on the assumptions that top management teams (i) are culturally homogeneous with average employees and (ii) directly reflect cultural characteristics in strategic decision-making. Such assumptions are questioned by research finding that country sub-populations are culturally heterogeneous and that individuals cultural characteristics are moderated by organizational and task contexts. Using the construct of collectivism/individualism, this study tests the applicability of Hofstedes generic national cultural norms to senior executives using Anglo-Saxon and Chinese samples. Results cast doubt on the applicability of Hofstedes classifications to senior manager populations and suggest several avenues for further research. In recent years the work of Dr. Geert Hofstede and his cultural dimensions has been carefully reviewed and applied by academic scholars and educators around the world. Some scholars and educators criticize his findings, whereas others highly praise Hofstedes research. One of the most critical voices comes from Dr. Brendan McSweeney. However, Geert Hofstede has appropriately shown that his criticism is not all that valid. Read for yourself in Dimensions do not exist: A reply to Brendan McSweeney by Geert Hofstede and originally published in Human Relations vol. 55 (II) – 2002 The outcome of his survey is that employees in the same national context share similar attitudes towards these four dimensions. Differences only arise when they are different in national. Defining culture Culture has been called the way of life for an entire society. As such, it includes codes manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior and systems of belief.[2] Various definitions of culture reflect differing theories for understanding — or criteria for evaluating — human activity .More recently, the United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organization UNESCO (2002) described culture as follows: Culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group, and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.[4] Key components of culture A common way of understanding culture sees it as consisting of four elements: values norms institutions artifacts Geert Hofstedeâ„ ¢ Cultural Dimensions Geert Hofstede gathered extensive data on the worlds cultures. Geert Hofstede’s Value Survey Module is designed for measuring culture-determined differences between matched samples of respondents from different countries and regions. Prof. Geert Hofstede conducted the most comprehensive study of how values in workplace are influenced by culture. Geert Hofstede analyzed a large data base of employee values scores collected by IBM between 1967 and 1973 covering more than 70 countries from which he first used the 40 largest only and afterwards extended the analysis to 50 countries and 3 regions. In the editions of GH’s work since 2001, scores are listed for 74 countries and regions, partly based on replications and extensions of the IBM study on different International populations. From the initial results and later additions hofstede developed a model that identifies four primary dimensions to assist in differentiating cultures: Power Distance—PDI, Individualism—IDV, Masculinity—MAS, and Uncertainty Avoidance—UAI. Geert Hofstede added a fifth dimension after conducting an additional International study with a survey instrument developed with Chinese employees and managers. The dimension based on Confucian dynamism is Long-Term Orientation—LTO and was applied to 23 countries. These five Hofstede dimensions can also be found to correlate with other country, culture and religious paradigms. 1) Power distance Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and they expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a societys level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, are the most extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody who have some international experience will be aware that all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others. 2) Individualism (IDV) the one side versus its opposite, collectivism that is the degree to which individuals are inte-grated into groups. On the individualist side we can see societies where the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word collectivism in this sense has no political meaning: it defines to the group, not to the state. 3) Masculinity (MAS) versus its opposite, femininity refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies shows us that (a) womens values in the societies are less than mens values; (b) mens values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from womens values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to womens values on the other. The assertive pole is known as masculine and the modest, caring pole is called by feminine. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring, social values as the men; in the masculine countries. However they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries represent us a gap between mens values and womens values. 4) Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) deals with a societys tolerance for uncertainty. What is the level that a society can accept with its unknown and unseen subject. It ultimately refers to mans search for Truth. It shows us how a culture reflects its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth; there can only be one Truth and we have it. People in uncertainty avoiding countries are also more emotional, and motivated by inner nervous energy. On the other side uncertainty accepting cultures, are more tolerant of opinions. In the situation of certainty people try to have as few rules as possible, and on the philosophical and religious level they are relativist and allow many currents to flow side by side. People within these cultures not expected by their environment to express emotions 5) Long Term orientation (LTO) versus short-term orientation: this fifth dimension was found in a study among students in 23 countries around the world, using a questionnaire designed by Chinese scholars it can be said to deal with Virtue regardless of Truth. Values which are associated with Long Term Orientation are thrift. On the other hand values which are connected with Short Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protecting ones face. Logical Argument As human resources are mainly developed in local organizations and cultural institutions, we begin by looking at the formation of local work cultures and the international debate about how multinational companies are influencing local work cultures. How resistant are different national working cultures to the cultural impact of multinational companies? Do HRM discourses in multinational companies encourage global convergence or local divergence? Convergence, transnational communication and a ‘third culture’ The different interpretations of the impact of multinational companies on management and organization in foreign subsidiaries have breathed new life into the convergence debate from the1950s and 1960s. In contrast to the old convergence approach, which laid great emphasis on institutional systems and structural processes, the new approach focuses more on the actors and carriers of convergence processes. The new focus is on transnational processes in multinational companies and not so much on differences in National Business Systems industrial relations or societal effects (Maurice et al.1980), which were the dominant issues in international management and organization research in 1980s. The authors within the new convergence school do not argue against the influence of national social institutions on company strategies and organizational practices, but they raise the question of whether the increasing globalization of many companies does not reduce the influence of national instituti ons and cultural values. They pay greater attention to transnational actors’ potential capacity to reduce national differences in management and organization. They argue that the increasing internal and external competition in multinational companies searching for â€Å"best practices† is undermining the importance of national social institutions and local cultural values in company strategies and practices Criticism Hofstede has been criticized by number of authors for not taking into account the changing relationship between parent companies and subsidiaries in a globalized economy. Among his critics is Christina Garsten who, in her analysis of Apple Computer, ends up with a different view of the parent company’s impact on its subsidiaries. Garsten does not seek to identify national homogeneity and consensus in Apple’s national subsidiaries by analyzing common national cultural values. The cultural complexity that Christina Garsten seeks to identify in Apple Computers demands a more dynamic concept in the culture than Geert Hofstede’s categorization of attitudes which were pre-established theoretical dimensions. Using this concept of culture, a national group of employees in a multinational company does not act in accordance with one common set of collective national values. The group’s actions are motivated by various sub cultural contexts and shows different interp retations of and engagement with their company. Garsten’s approach very inspiring, especially the way in which she takes into consideration the influence of transnational communication streams in companies. Hofstede did not pay much attention to this subject because global human resource strategies were much less developed in the 1970s when he carried out his research. How can human resource management discourse be understood in the dialectical relationship between the global and the local in multinational companies? As a result of the growing networks in multinational companies, human resource management discourse is increasingly shaping the thinking of management groups in the individual units and the way in which they implement demands and tasks. It was also a roadmap for establishing a common language among the units. Manuel Castells has tried to describe these complicated processes in The Rise of Network Society (Castells1996). He describes that network structures and growing flexibility as two closely connected elements in the new global economic system. He argues that networking strategies give us the flexibility to the system, but they do not solve the problem of adaptability for the companies. In my opinion, this is a key reason why management in multinational companies seek strategies which can cope with flexibility. When management experiments with these network structures in multinational companies, it engenders cultural encounters between units that have different cultural backgrounds. What is the outcome of these encounters? Mike Featherstone uses the apt concept of a â€Å"third culture† to understand the outcome of these encounters in the globalization process (Featherstone1990: 7: 1-14). The third culture argument is that national and local cultures and identities increasingly have to relate to global discourses, but they do not necessarily adopt them. To demonstrate this argument, we will discuss two of the most powerful discourses in the present global debate: the free market and human rights. There are many different phenomena which suggest that globalization is a differentiated, multi-dimensional and polycentric process. It is not just a question of one multinational agenda or one dominant superpower discourse. The same logic can be applied when evaluating and analyzing management in subsidiaries which implement human resource strategies. Multinational companies with different parent company cultures set up human resource strategies inspired by global consultants and best practice examples. They transfer HRM strategies to subsidiaries, which develop a third company culture: a reflexive, discursive mix of the parent company culture, the local work culture and the multinational practices. Actually all multinational subsidiaries maintain different third culture outcomes, which together build a global company culture in practice. Conclusion Yes, I do consider my self defined strongly about my race/ethnicity or culture, but at the same time I do not. The way I do feel defined in my culture is the morals and traditions and values that I have take in. I am not saying I took all of them but most of them I applied by myself. As an Asian I grew up in Bangladesh for half of my life and then moved out to U.K. And as I grew up I was able to experience different cultures. In Bangladesh it was a lot calmer and easy going area but once I moved to London, it was fast moving. But while taking in both cultures my parents also put an influence on me to remember my heritage and traditions. They wanted to make sure that I new about my Bangladeshi. Discussing with different cultures people of another country can help give me an idea of how different my country is from other places. Talking to someone from another country enables one to have more respect for that person, because we able to learn their different way of living and learn to appreciate our own way of living References www.geert_hofstede.com www.bookrags.com Markus Richwien Kategorie: Betriebswirtschaft Funktional Organisation Organization allgemein MA-Thesis / Master June 2000, 135 Seiten, 1, 0 MB, Note 1, 3, Sprache English Ludwig-Maximilian-Università ¤t Mà ¼nchen Deutschland Schlagworte: Organization, Adler, weibliche Fà ¼hrungskrà ¤fte, Confuzianismus, Kollektivismus Countries and elites in 19 countries.

My Magic Mirror :: essays research papers

I often wonder who the girl is whose face I examine every morning in the large mirror hanging above my desk. In some ways I do feel as if I know her, but only on a superficial level: the same way we think we know the actors in our favourite soap operas. We may know every explicit detail of the lives of the characters, but the true personality of the actor themselves is a huge mystery which we have little or no hope of ever solving.A mirror’s sole purpose is to reflect. In my case, though, mirrors seem to reflect my persona rather than my personality. This, thankfully, indicates that the mirror sees only what the rest of the world does; exactly what I want to be seen.The mirror in question in large, clear, and attractively decorated, signifying its importance in my life. This is not to say that most of my spare time is spent gazing lovingly into it, rather that it is with the help of my mirror that I adopt my outward persona every morning. While standing in front of it I transform myself from the plain, boring nobody who I fear more than anyone else in the world to the outgoing, bubbly, mature creature I wish I really was. For me, putting on my make-up is not the simple task my friends seem to regard it as; it is the carefully perfected art or creating my disguise.It is only when I am wearing this disguise that I feel I am a ‘normal’ person, that I fit in with the rest of our critical society. On the rare occasions when I have not adopted my disguise (only when I am in no danger of meeting any acquaintances) I become like a ‘Magic Eye’ picture; you have to look really hard in order to see the complete image.The reason I am so unwilling to remove my mask in public is that, to be quite honest, I am terrified of what is underneath. As a result of my creating this mask, I have never acquainted myself with my thoughtful, emotional, sensitive character traits which I try so desperately to conceal. I am not sure whether I like that girl very much, and I am too busy trying to hide her to have the time to find out.I have not always been divided like this. When I was younger I somehow managed to let all the aspects of my character show, resulting in a fairly even mix of the side of me which I hate and the side I promote.

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Essay

Introduction When working in a health and social environment, it is important that the surrounding nature is safe and free of any potential harm. A hazard is something that can possibly cause you this danger. Hazards range from something being misplaced to a broken object. When identifying a hazard, risk assessments would take place to find out the best and quickest solution to prevent any danger. The definition of a risk is the probability or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss, or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be avoided through preemptive action. In this booklet I will be identifying and explain the potential hazards in a college environment and how they could affect people’s wellbeing. Classroom Hazard – Windows & Loose Wires There are a number of different potential hazards in a classroom environment. One example would be windows in the classroom. Even though most people wouldn’t consider this as a major issue however if on a higher level in a building and the window was not risk assessed – possible harm could be caused. All windows in school facilities need to be safety checked to make sure an individual will not be able to climb out and potentially fall. These checks will consist of making sure the window has a limit distance of normally around 3  ½ inches [1]. This would be essential in an infant or nursery school as younger children tend to be attracted to what is going on outside and will not be aware of the possible risk they are causing to themselves. Another example of a potential hazard in a classroom is loose cables and wires. This is a common hazard that teachers and pupils do not pay attention to as they do not believe a hazard is there. However a loose wire has the ability to cause numbers of harm to an individual; tangled up wires can potentially cause a fire. As well as this, people may trip over the wires and harm themselves alongside damaging the cables. To reduce the risk of this hazard occurring, wires should be covered once trailed or taped down. Canteen Hazard – Fire Exits & Food Preparation A canteen contains many existing hazards one of which is to do with food preparation. A hazard in regards to this would be if cross contamination between raw and cooked food (for example) occurs. This would cause food poisoning to anyone purchasing from the canteen furthermore spread diseases. To inhibit this from happening kitchen staff would prepare food on separate, colored chopping boards and make sure that hands are clean from any food to prevent spread. Fire exits are vital in not just a working environment but in every type of building. Fire exits ensure a quick and easy escape in the event of a fire. If the exit is blocked or damaged in any way, this could seriously delay time and harm a person. Toilet Hazard – Wet Floor & Taps In regards to toilets, a wet floor could cause a person to serious injure themselves. A toilet requires to be kept clean at all times because it is a facility that is constantly at use. To prevent this, a cleaner would regularly make sure that the toilets are kept at a high standard. A tap may not be commonly thought of as a hazard however if at the wrong temperature the, this could potentially harm and burn an individual. It is said that the temperature of washbasins should be around 41 ºC for about 30 seconds [2] Outdoor Hazard – Weather Conditions & Litter An outdoor area can be a more hazardous place as a lot of things are happening at different speeds. Cars will be driving past nearby; people will be rushing to lessons or taking their time walking around. These situations become more dangerous as the weather changes – which in England, it does a lot. During the winter, the temperature drops and everything starts to get cold additionally start to freeze. When this happens the ground needs to be covered in a layer of salt. If the ground is not covered then the whole collage would be a t risk of slipping over and hurting themselves. P2 Legislations Health and Safety Work Act 1974 The main features of the health and safety at work act is that it provides a framework for ensuring that all employees are in and a health and safety environment. The employer and staff have duty to ensure the health and safety not only of themselves but also other persons who may frequent the premises, such as children and their parents. Employees are due undertake an approved first aid course and a named person should be appointed to take charge in the event of an accident. As well as this, properly stocked first aid kit should be available – no medication should be kept in the first aid kit. In regards to a healthcare setting, this ensures that children and elderly are looked after as they may not be able to independently. This legislation requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health such as toxic, corrosive or irritant chemicals like cleaning  products or even bodily fluids. In a setting such as a Nursery, hazardous substances that are not stored properly and are easily accessible to children may cause consummation further poisoning or spilling on themselves. This hazard could be minimized by storing these substances in a high, possibly locked, area so that children are not likely to get a hold of them and harm themselves. Also, the incorrect disposal of soiled nappies etc, can cause germs to spread and could cause infection or cross contaminations within the Nursery. This can be avoided by having a specific bin solely for the disposal of soiled nappies to ensure that harm cannot result from this. Food Safety (general food hygiene) Regulation 1995 The aim of this regulation is to prevent the spread of food poisoning by ensure that food are kept clean and in the correct standard. Also makes sure that personal hygiene is maintained and food is cooked thoroughly. Anyone who owns, manages or works in a food business – apart from those working in primary food production such as harvesting, slaughtering or milking – is affected by these Regulations. They apply to anything from a hot dog van to a five-star restaurant, from a village hall where food is prepared to a large supermarket, or to a vending machine. The Regulations apply to all types of food and drink and their ingredients. But some businesses – generally manufacturers of products of animal origin, such as dairies or wholesale fish markets – follow their own product specific regulations. Some of the procedures include; [3] make sure food is supplied or sold in a hygienic way;  identify food safety hazards;  know which steps in your activities are critical for food safety; ensure safety controls are in place, maintained and reviewed. Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 The Manual Handling Operations Regulations are aimed at helping employers and the self-employed to reduce the risk of these injuries and work related accidents occurring by effectively managing the movement of staff, equipment and objects. As far as reasonably practicable the employer must remove any need for their employees to undertake any form of manual handling where  there is a risk of them being injured. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations require employees to make full and proper use of any system of work put in place by the employer to reduce the risk of injury during manual handling. This ensures that all people in a healthcare setting are being treated correctly and safely. Reporting of Injuries, Disease Occurrences Regulations 1995 Reportable injuries (including deaths) do not have to be automatically reported, but must be reported if they occur as the result of a work-related accident. For the purposes of RIDDOR, an accident is a separate, identifiable, unintended incident that causes physical injury. This specifically includes acts of non-consensual violence to people at work. When deciding if the accident that led to the death or injury is work-related, the key issues to consider are whether the accident was related to: [4] the way in which the work was carried out;  any machinery, plant, substances or equipment used for work; and the condition of the site or premises where the accident happened. This is essential in a care setting as it is important to document any injuries that occur. This is because it may influence an individual’s health in the future. Policies & Procedures Policies ensure that everyone must work within the law and meet the minimum care standards set out by the legislation. Procedures on the other hand are the steps that are needed to be followed to ensure everyone’s safety within the workplace. Safeguarding policy The purpose of this policy is to guarantee that every child in the UK is ensured a safe, free from harm upbringing regardless of their age, gender,  religion or ethnicity. The main aims of the policy are: [6] protecting children from maltreatment  preventing impairment of children’s health or development ensuring that children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care. taking action to enable all children and young people to have the best outcome. Based on the fact that almost one in five children today experience serious physical abuse, sexual abuse or severe physical or emotional neglect at some point in their lifetime [7], this policy is crucial in a health care setting such as a nursery as it aids teachers and all staff in knowing what to do if they notice a negative change on a child. They will be able to then take on further action such as contacting the parents, police or social services for example. Reporting Accidents The reason why staff need to report any accident or injury that happen with a health care setting is report informs the enforcing authorities (HSE, local authorities and the Office for Rail Regulation (ORR)) about deaths, injuries, occupational diseases and dangerous occurrences, so they can identify where and how risks arise, and whether they need to be investigated. This allows the enforcing authorities to target their work and provide advice about how to avoid work-related deaths, injuries, ill health and accidental loss. [8] The accidents that may occur may not be just on the patient, child or elderly person, they may even be on a member of staff. For example, if an employee were to catch an illness and had to go to hospital, this would be documented as it would be able inform other staff furthermore take further action such as informing parents or checking on patient’s health. Infection Control Infection prevention and control is a key element of social care and is vital to the wellbeing of those people who need care and support. It is essential to ensure that people who use health and social care services receive safe  and effective care and it must be part of everyday practice and be applied consistently by everyone. For the majority of care staff working in a residential care home or agency – including many who regularly work alone – infection prevention and control training is an important part of their induction. Ensuring the appropriate infection prevention and control training is provided, helps employers registered with the Care Quality Commission (CQC) to comply with their requirements. Some of the common procedures the staff will be trained to do in a health care setting would be: [9] †¢Disposable gloves and plastic aprons should be worn for all personal care tasks and when in contact with blood or body fluids. †¢Cuts and abrasions or skin lesions (broken skin, eczema and psoriasis) should be covered by a waterproof dressing. †¢Blood and body fluids spillages should be dealt with immediately. †¢Sharps should be disposed of into an appropriate container. †¢Clothing and bedding should be handled and machine washed. If these procedures were not put in place endless of disastrous outcomes could take place. In a nursery, a child may cut their finger furthermore start to grab fruit from a bowl therefore spread his/hers blood as well as possible disease. In regards to a residential unit, if a member of kitchen staff was not to dispose the lid of a tin can, a patient may find it additionally use it to injure themselves and others, causing a huge risk to everyone involved. M1 Legislations, policies and procedures are vital in a health care setting as it affects the way employees are trained and how they act towards an individual furthermore it also affects the environment in the setting and how the room/building, equipment and furniture is laid out. A health care setting such as Little Dreams Nursery, it is clear that they follow the law to ensure the safety of the children. As you can see, a fire exit is clear from any objects and potential hazards as well as a grip mat which promotes even more security guarantying that no children will fall  over (in wet weather) while doing a fire drill. The mat does not necessary cover the fire drill policy however does support the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. The nursery also clearly state their procedure during a fire evacuation – some being stated below [5]: †¢ All staff and children to assemble in a calm manner to the nearest available fire exit †¢ Room Leader must take the register   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Staff must then do a quick head count whilst nursery manager / person in charge is checking all areas of the nursery †¢ In a calm and quick manner staff must then safely lead all the children to the assembly point (bottom of the garden) †¢ Room leader must then do a thorough head count If this policy was not in place or was not practiced by both children and staff, consequence could result into serious injury and possibly even death. Children are dependent on staff to guide them to safety as they do not have the ability to do it themselves. This is why all staff at all facilities should know a fire drill procedure off by heart to certify a quick, swift and safe technique. Another example of how legislations, policies and procedures help to promote the safety and security of individuals in a health care setting is by having staff training courses for all policies and procedures that are involved in the workplace. For instance, staff that work in an elderly home have to take communication training course. This would range from while bathing them, to morning talks. Because elderly people do not have the same social and mental development as they did in earlier years, they get forgetful, confused and sometimes even aggressive. By having a training course like this, staff and patients will be able to communicate effectively; whether that is in regards to asking about their medications or any difficulties that the individual may be having to staff asking Mr Smith how was he feeling today. References [1] http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID= 273 [2] file:///C:/Users/14072941/Downloads/Codesofpractice_highrisk.pdf [3] http://adlib.everysite.co.uk/adlib/defra/content.aspx?id=000IL3890W.184SZ8ZDD965AA [4] http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg453-rev1.pdf [5] {FIRE DRILLS} http://www.littledreamsnursery.com/policies-and-procedures [6] http://www.safenetwork.org.uk/getting_started/Pages/Why_does_safeguarding_matter.aspx [7] Based on NSPCC research with 11-17 year olds – Radford et al (2011) Child abuse and neglect in the UK today. [8] http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg453.pdf [9] http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&sqi=2&ved=0CDIQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leics.gov.uk%2Finfectious_control_procedure.doc&ei=GBI0VJHDM8Kf7gaz0oD4DQ&usg=AFQjCNHF4y68ut-9icdb_HuGbmClHig76w

Renting vs Owning a Home

Renting now can make things become easier later. Saving money is what everyone wants to do. Buying a home can not only hurt someone financially but it can put you in a bind that can have you paying a bill for the rest of your life. The economy is on a decline right now so making the decision to buy a home can be a little tricky. Buying a home it is not a one time transaction. Once you have the home you continue to pay bills like your mortgage fees and maintenance. Think about all the money you have to come out of pocket to take care of some of the fees that will come when making a ecision to buy a home. Renting can put things in someone else’s hands to where you can save more money from your monthly payments. When renting an apartment you will never have to worry about fixing the plumbing, sink or dishwasher because maintenance is paid by the landlord. Not having these fees leaves you with more money in your bank account expanding your option for your home when you get to that decision. The decision to rent now and buy later can give you enough time to wait on the economy to get stronger and much better than it is now. Buying a home will be a much smoother process. Rent now and buy later is the best way to go, at this time in our economy. The question whether to rent an apartment or buy a home is probably one of the biggest. There are many people who are on both sides of the fence, as well as many good arguments towards both. There many advantages of renting the price, upkeep, qualifying. People believe renting is better than buying. The first reason is the economy, consider how many people have lost their homes, or are being foreclosed upon right now. Whether it's because of losing a job, investing in the wrong company, or using some kind of lending service that went under after paying all that money into it. Why would you want to put yourself through any of that? The second reason for renting is why you would pay for expensive repairs, when someone else can. When buying a house and something breaks or is damaged, you are entitled to fix it on your own, but with apartments if something breaks down like the dishwasher, or stove or some other major appliance, the landlord must replace it. With renting you don't have to worry about yard upkeep, it is the landlord's job to keep and maintain the grounds. If there is a problem, the landlord has to deal with it, or your only responsibility is to maintain your personal space. Lastly the most important reason why you should rent an apartment is better than buying house. Having the ability to move when you want to especially if you’re single or get offered employment somewhere far, you wouldn’t have to worry about selling. If you get transferred, or lose your job, you’re not locked in to a monthly mortgage payment. In today's real estate market, trying to sell a home could prove very costly. Even if you have to break your lease, it's much better than defaulting on your mortgage. Renting gives great flexibility until you find a place you really want to stay at for a long time. If you’ve read all what I have written, you’ve learned a lot about housing choices! As you explore your own options for buying a home, you will need to learn more about the costs of home ownership, about how much you can afford, and about financing a home purchase.

WildCheryl Strayed Is The Main Character Essay Example

WildCheryl Strayed Is The Main Character Essay Example WildCheryl Strayed Is The Main Character Paper WildCheryl Strayed Is The Main Character Paper Essay Topic: Call of the Wild Into the Wild In this book, she goes through a lot terrible things that force to change. She change, fear into brave. In the beginning Cheryl Strayed was a nice girl because she when in college, determined to get her BAA degree. However, during her senior year, she had lost her mothers In lung cancer, so she TLD ended up getting a degree. Follow up to her mother death, she watched her family disintegration, and got divorced at the same time. Four years later, Cheryl Strayed stared to change piece by piece; first she Is cheating and laying to Paul by kiss other men. At one point, she promised herself that she will stop messing around with other men, but nothing changed. Even worse than at first she had sex with three men In five days. She also takes drugs for temporary pleasure. Finally, she made the most Important decision of her Like Is to be brave and hike the PACT alone with no backpacking experience at all. Cheryl Is a brave, and strong woman. She steps Into the wild to find forgiveness: l knew that if I allowed fear to overtake me, my journey was doomed. Fear, to a great extent, is born of a story we tell ourselves, and so I chose to tell myself a different story from the one woman are told. I decided I was safe. I was strong. I was brave. Nothing could vanquish me. So She made up her mine to be brave, and kept walking. Also, Cheryl had changed her point of view of her mother. Before, she hated her mother because she smoked drug in front of her own kids. The worst part that she did is tells them to call her by her first name, and leaving be hide the child alone while she worked, and being cheered in an annoying point. As she hiked, she had forgiven her mother. She started to look at the good side of her mother that she had given her children everything, and had loved them more than anyone. At the end of her trial, she will never feel at the bottom again, at that place she was again. Degree. However, during her senior year, she had lost her mothers in lung cancer, so he didnt ended up getting a degree. Follow up to her mother death, she watched Strayed stared to change piece by piece; first she is cheating and laying to Paul by men in five days. She also takes drugs for temporary pleasure. Finally, she made the most important decision of her like is to be brave and hike the PACT alone with no backpacking experience at all. Cheryl is a brave, and strong woman. She steps into the wild to find forgiveness: l knew that if I allowed fear to overtake me, my Journey

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. essays Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929. He was the oldest son of the Rev. and Mrs. Martin Luther King. He was named Michael Luther after his father but he later change it to Martin Luther after the great church leader. Bad racial experiences made a long lasting impression on Martin. One day the parents of the boys Martin played with told him they could not play with him anymore because he was black and they were white. That broke his heart and he ran home and told his mother. His mother tried to explain to him why it happen,so she talk to him about racism and prejudice people. She told him that although blacks were no longer slaves, they were not really free. Martin grew up doing and liking what other kids like baseball, basketball and wrestling, but he liked reading most of all. He liked reading mostly about famous people in black historyand he liked to learn new words and use them. He also liked listing to his father and the other ministers use strong words when they preached. He wanted to follow in their footsteps. He made words his weapon for defense and offense. Martin once told his mother Im going to get me some big and strong words like the other preachers. When he was in high school, his skills to use words got him to win an oratorical contest. In September 1944, when he was only 15 years old, Martin entered Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia. It was an all black school, and his father and grandfather went there. He knew his father wanted him to become a minister, but Martin was not sure that that was what he wanted to do. At first, he was not sure what his course of study he was going to do, but his experiences at Morehouse shaped his direction for life. It was not until after the meeting with Dr. Benjamin E. Mays, the college president; and Professor George Kelsey, head of the religion department; that he made up his mind. Marti ...