The Evolution of Homonin Tribe from the Time Period of...

To the ongoing question as to how humans evolved has still been a debate over several decades. Homo sapiens is a scientific name given to humans. Homo sapiens are classified under the kingdom-Animalia, phylum-chordata, class-mammalia, order-primates, family-Hominidae, genus-Homo and species-sapiens. According to Linnaeus Carlos, scientific way of classifying living organisms (Relethford, 2010). According to Relethford, Hominin is a tribe that comprises of humans and their closest ancestor. Hominin family has shown some resemblances with the evidences collected from fossil records as well as the evolutionary processes to the mordern humans. This article will try to describe the evolution of homonin tribe from the time period of Homo habilis†¦show more content†¦Although they lacked a chin, they possessed slight brow ridges which show a transition towards the Homo sapiens. Archaic sapiens showed similar brain size seen in humans about 1350 C.C. with no sagittal kneel (Relethfo rd, 2010). The stone tools found associated with Homo heidelbergensis were manufactured in a sophisticated way using Levallois technique. This technique produced sharp and efficient tools. This showed how skilled archaic humans were similar to modern living humans (Relethford, 2010). Not only did Archaic sapiens have close resemblances to humans with some primitive characters, but also Neanderthals species who lived in Europe between 130,000- 28,000 years (McKee et al. 2005). They lacked a chin, large teeth, large nasal region, curved thigh bones due to poor health, occupational bun. It was suggested that the frontal large teeth compared to the back was due to using them as tools (Relethford, 2010). The large nasal regions were suggested to be an adaptation to the cold weather and were not seen in other Neanderthals in different geographical regions (Relethford, 2010). Surprisingly, they possessed larger brains about 1500 C.C. compared to humans. This still brings a debate whether to classify the species in a same or different group for ancestors of living Homo sapiens (Ruff et al. 1997). The stone tools found associated with Neanderthals where similar to the ones

Social And Economic Implications Is Represented By Karl...

One of the philosophical concepts which managed to mark the world and its history through its deep political, social and economic implications is represented by Karl Marx’s principle of alienation. A very harsh interpretation of the social and economic reality which he lived in, this theory was the basis for new political ideologies which, unfortunately, latter in time led to consequences that Marx would have surely disapproved of. While his view was socialist, the philosopher also supported the existence of a political democracy. On the one hand, the individual had to be helped in his endeavours and be provided with all his rights and liberties. On the other hand, the individual had to assert his freedom through the exercise of his rights. In other words, humans must be aware of their own condition as well as of the world which surrounds them and the facts which occur, decide what are the best actions to be performed and last, but not least perform them. Alienation, definition The alienation is a process through which things which belong together through their nature get to be separated. The term is used in order to describe the actions through which a relation of antagonism is created between entities which would normally coexist in peace and harmony. Marx applies this concept in a specific area and he states that what occurs in today’s’ world is a general estrangement of the people caused by the capitalistic society. In order to better understand how this occurs, weShow MoreRelatedBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesthat includes the Christian and Neo-Platonist philosophers. The most important of the ancient philosophers (in terms of subsequent influence) are Plato and Aristotle[7]. The themes of ancient philosophy are: understanding the fundamental causes and principles of the universe; explaining it in an economical and uniform way; the epistemological problem of reconciling the diversity and change of the natural universe, with the possibility of obtaining fixed and certain knowledge about it; questions aboutRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 PagesThe philosophy that encompasses the absurd is referred to as  absurdism. While absurdism may be considered a branch of existentialism, it is a specific idea that is not necessary to an existentialist view. * It s easy to highlight the absurdity of the human quest for purpose. It s common to assume that everything must have a purpose, a higher reason for existence. However, if one thing has a higher purpose, what is the reason for that purpose? Each new height must then be validated by a higherRead MoreHistory of Work Ethic8363 Words   |  34 Pagesrequired a person to use practical thinking, brutalizing the mind till it was unfit for thinking of truth (Tilgher, 1930, p. 4). Skilled crafts were accepted and recognized as having some social value, but were not regarded as much better than work appropriate for slaves. Hard work, whether due to economic need or under the orders of a master, was disdained. It was recognized that work was necessary for the satisfaction of material needs, but philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle made itRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagescultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational apparatus and the economic system. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule and, having heard Marcus Garvey speak of theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagespreparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to rev iew in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

The Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln - 1339 Words

Abraham Lincoln can be considered one of our nation’s greatest presidents. A main reason that Lincoln is so honored is because of the tremendous virtues he is said to have held. The number of qualities Lincoln possessed include integrity, strong self morals, confidence, ambition, and honesty, all of which assisted him in eventually become the sixteenth President of the United States. Lincoln had many honorable virtues. There were basic one such as his refusal to drink and smoke. There were other more curious ones as his refusal to be a part of organized religion while at the same time having a superior knowledge of the Christian Bible’s text. However, one of Lincoln’s best virtues is his ability to go after what he believes is right and not being afraid to go against the majority. He showed this integrity in the 1837 vote on appeals from the legislatures of Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama, and Mississippi for â€Å"their northern counterparts to do something†¦ to stamp out the new menace of abolitionism that had arisen in the early 1830s† (Miller, 116). Among a sea of â€Å"Aye†s for agreement of the appeal, Lincoln was one of the nine â€Å"Nay†s. At the age of twenty-eight Lincoln was not afraid to vote against something he knew he wouldn’t win just to stay with what he believed. As Miller states on page 120, there was no pressure to vote this way. Quite the opposite actually. When asked about the vote six weeks later, one reason Lincoln and Daniel Stone stated as an explanation for theirShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1958 Words   |  8 PagesLeadership and Legacy: Background Research Paper Abraham Lincoln By:Audrey Knight Introduction Great leader and main topic Abraham Lincoln lived in the 1800’s where he accomplished many things in his 54 years of life. He lived in the U.S. through several major events in history and left a legacy that will never be forgotten. As the 16th president of the United States he brought about the emancipation of slavery, preserved the Union during the Civil War, and served the people. His heroic leadershipRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln933 Words   |  4 PagesSynopsis Regarded as one of the United States of America greatest heroes, Abraham Lincoln is famous for his unique appeal and incredible impact on the nation. He was the United States 16th president. His story is an astounding one rising from a humble background to become the most powerful man the land. However, at the time when his country needed him most, a tragic and sudden death strikes him. He is assassinated. He left a legacy that endured due to his unique humane personality as a leader of the unionRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln Essay2383 Words   |  10 PagesReport Name Abraham Lincoln paved a path of equality and freedom for slaves and people of the 1800s as well as having a major impact on society and government; Abraham Lincoln s engagement with the public people skyrocketed his career as being a president and a suitable leader to the people of the United States of America. Born on February 12th, 1809 in Hardin County, Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln in his later years would be known as one of the most influential leaders of all time. Abraham Lincoln was bornRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1217 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born in the year 1809 on February 12th in the town of Hardin County, Kentucky to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. Growing up Lincoln had no proper education, consequently he read books and educated himself. During Lincoln’s young adult years, he worked a various number of jobs as a shopkeeper, surveyor, and a postmaster. In 1832, Lincoln became a captain of the Hawk War against the Native Americans. Shortly after the war was over, he began his political career and was elected to theRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1817 Words   |  8 Pagesmore than any of these other men: Abraham Lincoln, the man who freed the slaves. Abraham Lincoln, born February 12, 1809 in Hodgenville, Kentucky, is widely considered to be one of the greatest presidents to have ever been in office. During the course of his presidency, Lincoln not only lead the Union during the Civil War and tried to unify the nation through a harsh time of crisis, conflict, and bloodshed: through his beliefs, his example and his legacy, Lincoln freed the slaves, gave them the rightRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln Essay2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbraham Lincoln paved a path of equality and freedom for slaves and people of the 1800s as well as having a major impact on society and government; Abraham Lincoln s engagement with the public people skyrocketed his career as being a president and a suitable leader to the people of the United States of America. Born on February 12th, 1809 in Hardin County, Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln in his later years would be known as one of the most influential leaders of all time. Abraham Lincoln was born intoRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1826 Words   |  8 Pages Abraham Lincoln’s victory in the 1860 presidential election, was a beacon of hope for many slaves in America. Becoming the 16th president of the United States serving from 1861 to 1865, Abraham Lincoln is one of America’s most celebrated heroes. Holding office during the years of the American Civil War, Lincoln preserved the Union, while creating a new era that consisted of emancipated African American slaves. After winning a victory at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, he issuedRead MoreLegacy Of Abraham Lincoln s Legacy Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesLegacy Leader: Abraham Lincoln A legacy leader is someone who has left a positive and lasting impression in society due to his or her leadership qualities and/or traits. Abraham Lincoln is a prime example of a legacy leader due to the leadership traits he displayed throughout his presidency. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. He exhibited great leadership qualities such as integrity, duty, and selfless service. Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation and hisRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1500 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln has been studied more than any other in American history. In fact, over 15,000 different books have been written about our 16th president. Throughout the pages of these books, President Lincoln is affectionately referred to by many different names, such as the Railsplitter, Honest Abe, and the Great Emancipator. A vast majority of these written works honor Lincoln as one of our greatest presidents. Not everyone feels that way, however. Charles Adams, in his book, When in the CourseRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1292 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln has been called the greatest president in all of American history. His principles were dedicated to the survival of the United States during one of the most gruesome and bloody wars in the country s history, the American Civil War. During his presidency, he fought for the emancipation of slaves because he believed the institution of slavery was morally unjust. His ideals, which appealed to the founding principles of the country, energized and mobilized the union and kept it alive

Essay about An Analysis of Orientalism by Edward Said

Critical Thought Paper 1: Orientalism In Orientalism, Edward Said discusses the many aspects of the term â€Å"Orientalism,† including its origins, the primary ideas and arguments behind Orientalism, and the impact that Orientalism has had on the relationship between the West and the East. He quotes Joseph Conrad for the proposition that conquering people who are different from us is â€Å"not a pretty thing.† It needs an â€Å"idea† to â€Å"redeem† it. Said’s concept of Orientalism helps define the â€Å"idea† that provides a political, economic, moral, and socio-cultural justifications for imperialist actions by more dominant countries such as the United States. In Iraq, this â€Å"idea† is that the United States is a more advanced, civilized, and productive†¦show more content†¦The privileged young adults from the Orient who were afforded the opportunity to receive a Western education may have further heightened racial tensions because they were taught We stern morals that differed greatly from the Oriental generations before them. Said makes clear in Orientalism his view that there is a large amount of racism in the West’s attitude toward the East. He quotes Kipling about how â€Å"White Men tread when they go to clean a land† (226). He notes that â€Å"behind the White Man’s mask of amiable leadership there is always the express willingness to use force, to kill, and be killed†(226). The White Man justifies such violence on the grounds that his values are â€Å"liberal, humane, correct.† This feeling among white European men that they were â€Å"cleaning† lands and spreading proper values, even if by force, forms the basis for a lot of Orientalist thought supporting the invasion of the East by the West. As Said states, the people in the East were viewed as â€Å"backward, degenerate, uncivilized, and retarded† (207) and were compared to those who were alienated in the West such as â€Å"delinquents, the insane, women, the poor.† Thus, Orientals were â€Å"problems to be solved or confined† (207). In current Western societies, these racist views about those in the East are more latent and unspoken than in previous centuries. However, there is little doubt that the original justifications for European invasions into EasternShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Orientalism, Criticizes And Confronts The Ideas Of Truth And Representation, By Edward Said1642 Words   |  7 PagesEdward Said in his book Orientalism, criticizes and confronts the ideas of truth and representation, â€Å"it is not ‘truth’ but representation† (p. 29). Our representations of the world do not always hold truth. Western countries, such as the US, have sculpted a media in which the enemy of the East, is at the forefront and represents an entire population and geographical location as something to fear. Said explains this as an â€Å"us vs. them† scenari o â€Å"On the one hand there are Westerners, and on the otherRead MoreEssay on Introduction to Orientalism by Edward Said1478 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction to the term â€Å"Orientalism,† Edward Said begins by paraphrasing the writing of a French journalist’s view of the present-day Orient in order to express the major common Western misconception about the East. This misconception exists in the Western mind, according to Said, as if it were irrelevant that the Orient itself was actually sociologically affected. He then goes on to describe the basis of Orientalism, as it is rooted in the Western consciousness. Said uses the phrase â€Å"The Other†Read MoreThe Idea of Orientalism Portrayed in James Camerons Avatar3778 Words   |  16 PagesThe Idea of Orientalism Portrayed in James Cameron’s Avatar Abstract In brief, this study discusses about the representation of orientalism idea which is portrayed in the film Avatar. The film tells about the conflict between human and native people in Planet Pandora, where human exploits the land and oppresses the native. This study explores in what way the idea of orientalism is represented and how both narrative and non-narrative aspects of the film helped in delivering that representationRead MoreImperialism, The Middle East, And East Asia990 Words   |  4 PagesLarge busy markets, snake charmers, carpet vendors, and veiled women all invoke ideas of West Africa, the Middle East, and West Asia, but all these ideas come from Oriental fantasies from the nineteenth century. Edward Said the author of Orientalism said that â€Å"Orientalism was ultimately a political vision of reality whose structure promoted the difference between the familiar (Europe, West, us) and the strange (the Orient, the East, them).† The nineteenth century was a peri od of imperialismRead MoreMansfield Park; Empire Orientalism from Edward Said Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesSummarise Edward Said’s argument in his essay ‘Jane Austen and Empire’ and then show whether you support or refute it. Edward Said’s analysis of Jane Austen’s narrative in her 3rd novel ‘Mansfield Park’ (1814) is based on his own studies of ‘orientalism’. This term is defined by Said as a variety of false assumptions /depictions of Eastern people within Western attitudes. This is achieved, he argues, through the literary discourse provided by post-enlightenment, post-colonial American/EuropeanRead MorePacific Geopolitics During The 21st Century1788 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Review Critically discuss Edward Said’s key points/arguments (from Orientalism) and the extent to which these are relevant to the Pacific. Hayley Catlow Introduction Orientalism tries to answer the question of why, when we think of the Orient, we have a preconceived notion of what kind of people live there, what they believe, and how they act; even when we may have never been there or met anyone from there. Said argues that the way we acquire this knowledgeRead MoreTheory, Space, Society Space And Its Influences On Both Academic And Social Worlds1999 Words   |  8 Pagesroles that theoretical ideas can play in shaping research in human geography. In using Edward Said’s theory of orientalism as a reference point for analysis, this essay will explore the different ways in which an academic theory can shape geographical research, with a particular focus on the fields of imaginative geographies and postcolonial geographies. This inquiry will focus on Said’s (1978) seminal text â€Å"Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient† and its influences on both academic and socialRead MoreTimothy Mitchell - Orientalism and the Exhibitionary Order1201 Words   |  5 PagesTimothy Mitchell – Orientalism and the Exhibitionary Order (1989) It is no longer unusual to suggeste that the construction of the colonial order is related to the eloboration of modern forms of representation and knowledge ( This has been examined by critique of Orientalism Best known analysis on Orientalism: Edward Said Orientalist world is defined by: 1. It is understood as the product of unchanging racial / cultural essences/ characteristics 2. These characteristics are alwaysRead MoreOrientalism in Art Essay1840 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"What was the process of ‘Orientalising’ according to Edward Said? Discuss the notion of ‘Otherness’ from both a European and ‘Eastern’ point of view using three examples of work for visual analysis.† The Near East or the Orient was a â€Å"place of Europe’s greatest and richest and oldest colonies, the source of its civilizations and languages its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of the Other.†[1] Edward Said describes the Orient as not an inert fact of natureRead MoreThe Representation of Colonized People in Rudyard Kipling’s Poem â€Å"the White Man’s Burden†: an Unrealistic Representation3227 Words   |  13 Pagesanalyzing the issue of representation of colonized people in the poem from Edward Said’s perspective, one can find out that it is just a misrepresentation. And through Kipling’s accusation of camouflaging the atrocity of the imperial vision by this misrepresentation, it is clear that the real reason behind this unrealistic image is empowering the cultural hegemony of the colonizer. 1- The analysis 2.1- Defining Edward Said’s notion of representation. People can be able to understand the

The Power Flower Essay - 1646 Words

Describe: Today was the day we went over the specific activity that we, as Brescia students would facilitate with some of London’s high school girls. Needless to say, this is all becoming very real. The activity was, to put it simply, a method of deconstructing and being critical of power structures within society. The ‘Power Flower’ that we filled in was an interesting approach to realizing how certain people of certain denominations can be affected by the various ‘categories’ that they fit into. In essence, each petal had a certain label such as ‘race’ then, we were expected to fill the outer petal with what race we found to be the one with the most power and privilege in society and filled the inner petal with our own race. One by one within our own groups we filled each petal. Some of which we struggled to define and others we failed to see how they were relevant to power and privilege within our own bubbles. Besides a few exceptions, they were relatively easy to fill out and there was little debate within my group. Reflect: Despite my initial apprehensions, I’m looking forward to facilitating this activity with the high school girls coming to Brescia on International Day of the Girl. I found going through the activity myself with my fellow students already taught me many things. First, we found that ethnicity as a category was difficult to even understand what it meant, let alone determine which one was in power. Another category my group had difficulty with wasShow MoreRelatedRemembering Flower Power1206 Words   |  5 PagesFlower Power A photographer may never know when the right moment to take a photograph is, nor do they know when a moment may present itself that needs to be captured and shared with the world. On October 21st, 1967 Bernie Boston could have been just another face in the crowd, but he had had the foresight to position himself on a wall of the Mall Entrance to the Pentagon. That day was the culmination of a week of protests, working to end the ongoing war in Vietnam. By this time, thousands of peopleRead MoreInto the Pulpit: Southern Baptist Women and Power Since World War II, by Elizabeth Flowers3109 Words   |  13 PagesInto the Pulpit: Southern Baptist Women and Power Since World War II, by Elizabeth Flowers, as the title suggest, is a historical account of women and their treatment in the Southern Baptist Convention from the mid 1940’s to present. Flower’s work revolves much around the well accounted for story of the SBC conflicts of the late 20th century, however, providing the often untold story of women in ministry and particularly their mistreatment. The book is broken up chronologically, chapter one andRead MoreDuring the 1960s, a new culture spread throughout the United States, stirring up the Flower Power800 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1960s, a new culture spread throughout the United States, stirring up the Flower Power movement as well as the aversion from the typical American lifestyle. These â€Å"Hippies† as they were known, didn’t want to fit in with the mainstream crowd. The name â€Å"hippie† was taken from the term â€Å"hipster†. It described how the Hippies believed that we should make love, not war, their vocal opposition to the United States’ involvement in the Vietnam War, and the increasingly rocky road to shared civilRead MoreAnalysis of [My Lady Walks...] Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pageslove, pureness, and of natural beauty. In his sonnet, â€Å"[My lady’s presence makes the roses red ]†, Constable talks to the various body parts of his â€Å"lady†, claiming that they inspire envy into flowers and that his â€Å"lady† is in fact the source of the power for the flowers. Using this personification of the flowers, Constable shapes his sonnet as one that is complementing and treasuring his â€Å"lady†, however, a deeper examination into the tone of his work shows a much more intriguing side of this sonnetRead MoreVisual Rhetorical Analysis Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesteen is seen poking carnations into the barrels of guns held by members of the US National Guard. This moment, captured by photographer Bernie Boston symbolizes the flower power movement. Flower power is a phrase that referred to the hippie notion of â€Å"make love not war†, and the idea that love and nonviolence, such as the growing of flowers, was a better way to heal the world than continued focus on capitalism and wars. The photograph can be analyzed through th e elements of image as defined by ‘TheRead MoreWomen in the Odyssey by Homer Essay examples684 Words   |  3 Pagesvery strong presence. The three main examples are Calypso, Athena, and the Lotus Flower. Each of these examples has a predominant presence in The Odyssey making them sturdy objects. At first the goddess Calypso presents a strong force in the very beginning of the poem. Calypso, Atlass daughter, keeps the sad Odysseus (Book I) in her grotto (Book V). The godlike Odysseus is the source of the masculine power in this book and for him to be held against his will is a statement that men areRead MoreI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Essay782 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge to her. Among these people was Mrs. Bertha Flowers, a person in which Maya respected greatly. She was a dignified person that Maya could strive to achieve the gratitude that Mrs. Flowers gave to the people around her, a sense of appreciation. In her life story, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou attributes her characteristics she has acquired today, being influential, wise, and respected, to Mrs. Flowers, who shows her the power of a voice, the knowledge of literature, and prideRead MoreThe Good Earth Character Analysis1067 Words   |  5 Pagesrise to power. For example, Lotus Flower Fl ower, a prostitute, uses Wang Lung’s attraction towards her in order to secure herself a higher place in society. Next, Pear Blossom, a slave, uses flattery and sexuality to persuade Wang Lung to take her as a concubine. Finally, O-lan, Wang Lung’s wife, rises to power in her new home by inserting herself into a position usually held by men. Throughout the novel, women carefully navigate the misogyny expressed by men and rise in status and power by takingRead MorePoems of Robert Frost Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagespoems he talks about flowers or refers to flowers. There are many poems from Frost with the word flower in the title including the poems â€Å"Flower- Gathering†, which is about the seasons changing and how the flowers wilt away, and the poem â€Å"The Flower Boat†. †The Flower Boat† is not actually about flowers but about a sailors journey in a boat called the flower boat. There are also other poems that do not have the word flowe rs in the poem but still very well have to do with flowers such as the poem â€Å"PuttingRead MoreThe Lotus by Toru Dutt1493 Words   |  6 PagesLOTUS A poem by Toru Dutt Love came to Flora asking for a flower That would of flowers be undisputed queen, The lily and the rose, long, long had been Rivals for that high honour. Bards of power Had sung their claims. The rose can never tower Like the pale lily with her Juno mien-- But is the lily lovelier? Thus between Flower-factions rang the strife in Psyches bower. Give me a flower delicious as the rose And stately as the lily in her pride-- But of what colour

The Effect of Temperature free essay sample

An enzyme is a type of protein that, through its own structure including hydrogen bonds, acts like a biological catalyst and is able to accelerate the biochemical reaction rate by lowering the activation energy of the whole process, without which cells could hardly practice any physiological functions within human bodies (Sizer, 1943). Found in the saliva and pancreatic secretions of animals including human beings as well as the plant seeds, bacteria and fungi (Siddiqui et al. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Temperature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , 2010), the enzyme ? -amylase that was studied during the experiment has significant impact on the hydrolysis of starch. By breaking the alpha, 1-4 glycosidic linkages in the carbohydrates, amylase hydrolyzes the starch, a polysaccharides that is stored in plants and cannot be directly digested by animal cells, into maltose, a disaccharide that later generate two units of glucose to undergo metabolisms and provides necessary energy (Slaughter et al. , 2001). The enzymatic activity of ? amylase is facilitated by calcium and chloride ions during the hydrolysis (Marini, 2006 and Siddiqui et al. , 2010). The complete digestion of starch and formation of maltose and glucose can be examined through the iodine test when I2KI reagent is added into the solution and remains brown instead of turning into dark blue, marking that all the molecules of starch have been fully hydrolyzed (Hanes, 1932). While amylase effectively activates the hydrolysis of starch, the efficiency of the catalytic process is influenced by several factors including temperature, pH level and the concentration of the substrates etc. In this experiment, as the ? -amylase is a type of protein, the efficiency of enzyme is highly related to its hydrogen bonds which are affected by the temperature. Though the enzyme is collected from the porcine pancreas, due to its structural similarities to amylase in human bodies, the behaviors of two amylases should resemble each other. Given that under extreme temperature enzymes will be denatured and unable to function and the constant temperature of pigs is around 39Â °C, the hypothesis of this experiment is that at 37Â °C amylase will catalyze the hydrolysis with the highest speed, followed by amylase at 22Â °C. Amylase at 0Â °C will react extremely slowly due to the crystallization of hydrogen bonds and at100Â °C, amylase will lose its function since it will be denatured. Materials and Methods Four test tubes were marked from A1 to A4. Then, 2mL of 1% starch solution from Carolina Biological Supply Company, 4mL of deionized water and 1mL of 6. 8 hydrion buffer from VWR International/ Micro Essential Laboratories were added into each tube. Another four test tubes were also labeled from B1 to B4 and added 1mL of 1% ? -amylase from porcine pancreas from Sigma Aldrich. Eight tubes were paired according to the same number (A1and B1 etc. and assigned to environments at different temperature: Tube A1 and B1 were placed into a water bath at 100Â °C; Tube A2 and B2 were placed into a water bath at 37Â °C; Tube A3 and B3were placed on the tube rack (at about 22Â °C); Tube A4 and B4 were placed into an ice bath at 0Â °C. All test tubes were kept at different temperatures for 10 minutes. Meanwhil e, a control group of starch solution was prepared without amylase. (Bio Lab Manual, 2013) At the same time, a test plate was added 2 drops of I2KI reagent (1% Iodine and 2% KI) from Carolina Biological Supply Company per well. After 10 minutes, when test tubes were still in the original environments, solutions in Tube A1 with B1 were mixed and a timer was started. At each 30-second-inteval, a drop of the mixture was released into the well on the test plate until the solution in the plate did not change into dark blue and remained brown, indicating the end of the reaction by showing no presence of starch and presence of maltose and glucose. The experiment was repeated on the tubes at other temperatures. Slow reactions were observed and recorded up to 420 seconds due to time limit.

Relient K free essay sample

â€Å"Opinions are immunity to being told you’re wrong. Paper, Rock, and Scissors: they all have their pros and cons.† That is a line from â€Å"The Only Thing Worse than Beating a Dead Horse is Betting on One† by Relient K, arguably one of the best bands of all time. Relient K is currently made up of Matt Thiessen, Matt Hoopes, Jon Warne, Jon Schneck, and Ethan Luck—five men with an incredible amount of talent which they combine with soulful lyrics and upbeat melodies. If you listen closely to Relient K, Matt Thiessen’s distinctive voice shines through. He is the main vocalist and he also plays guitar and piano. The rest of the band provides superb backup vocals as well as guitars, drums, bass, and the occasional banjo which can be heard on several songs such as â€Å"Which to Bury Us or the Hatchet.† Together, Relient K has written over a hundred songs and has so far released seven albums (one of them is an EP and another is two EPs combine d to create one full album). We will write a custom essay sample on Relient K or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They’ve become insanely popular in the Christian music industry, and occasionally you’ll find a secular listener who lends an ear to them. Also, they have had their song â€Å"The Best Thing† featured on a home makeover commercial. Occasionally, great lyrics are wasted on inadequate and pointless songs, but for every senseless song, there are five more that find meaning and constitute thinking. Relient K is one of the finest bands of all time for three reasons. First, Relient K varies their sound from electric to acoustic, and sometimes they throw in a little hardcore screamo. For example, their song â€Å"Which to Bury Us or the Hatchet† (not the acoustic version) has some screamo in it, but at the end it becomes harmonious and tones down to a sorrowful feel, as Matt Thiessen reflects on a relationship gone wrong and how he could have saved it. Unlike Taylor Swift, the group varies their chord progression and melodies; no two songs are the same. Taylor S wift is an absolutely fantastic songwriter and musician, but practically every song she writes is in the same chord progression and talks about the same things (relationships), and she hardly ever does anything different with her voice. She may be a great songwriter, performer, and a very talented musician, but she needs to depart from the beaten path and try something new. Therefore, Relient K is a better band due to the fact that its songs are always different, and the group can perform many different types of music. It’s also a plus that they often take some of their more intense electric songs and make a second recording, acoustic this time, if you prefer quieter, more relaxed rhythms. Second, Relient K is superior is because they deal with issues teens and young adults have today. Their lyrics aren’t just meaningless words, thrown together on a page and covered up with good music. The things they sing about are things all teenagers can relate to. For example, in t he song â€Å"This Week the Trend,† Matt Thiessen sings this line: â€Å"This week the trend was to backstab every single one of my friends and leave a voicemail message trying to make amends, all the while hoping things work out in the end.† I love that song, and especially appreciate how Relient K doesn’t pretend to be all high and mighty like some artists. They connect with their fans on a personal level and show how they’re going through some of the same issues we are. If a band has great singers, remarkable musicians, but terrible songwriters, it ruins everything. Fortunately, Relient K has saved itself from that trap and put in the time and energy it takes to come up with good lyrics. Third, Relient K is a prominent Christian role model. Sometimes listeners sacrifice talent and excellent music for a Christian theme. For example, Paramore is an awesome band, but my mom doesn’t like its music because it’s a secular group. However, the ma in singer, Hayley Williams, is an excellent musician and when paired with her band, they make music that will blow your mind. Overall, Paramore has crazy, yet-down-to earth lyrics, wonderful music, but lacks Christianity. So, there’s an ultimate choice of whether to keep listening to Paramore even though they’re a secular bunch, or to give up a great band all for the sake of not listening to secular music. Fortunately, Relient K doesn’t make listeners choose. They combine five-star sounding music and Christian themes all into one beauteous package. Based on the ample evidence above, we can finally conclude that yes, Relient K has what it takes. They are strong enough to stand up in the face of opposition and run the race with endurance when it comes to gaining the title for â€Å"Best Band Ever.† Music becomes an experience when tuning into Relient K. Their music, lyrics, and most importantly, their faith is encouraging and keeps their audience hanging on to every word.